L20 · 3.1.6.2

Equilibrium concentrations and Kc

Exam conditions

Want proof rather than practice? Try 3 unseen questions alone, one mixed in from an earlier unit, then fix each mark you lose. About 15 minutes.

8 marksCore chemistry3.1.6.2, 3.1.6.1

Dinitrogen tetroxide dissociates into nitrogen dioxide: N2O4(g)⇌2NO2(g)\mathrm{N_2O_4(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NO_2(g)}. A chemist seals 0.500 mol of N2O4\mathrm{N_2O_4} in a flask of volume 2.00 dm3\mathrm{dm^3} and holds it at a constant temperature. At equilibrium the flask contains 0.140 mol of NO2\mathrm{NO_2}.
(a)
Calculate the amount, in moles, of N2O4\mathrm{N_2O_4} in the equilibrium mixture.
[1 mark]
(b)
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant KcK_c at this temperature and give its units.
[3 marks]
(c)
The total pressure is increased at the same temperature. State and explain what happens to the amount of NO2\mathrm{NO_2} at equilibrium.
[2 marks]
(d)
The forward reaction is endothermic. State and explain the effect of raising the temperature on the value of KcK_c.
[2 marks]

5 marksCore chemistry3.1.6.2

A student mixes 1.00 mol of ethanoic acid with 1.00 mol of ethanol and a few drops of acid catalyst, and leaves the mixture to reach equilibrium: CH3COOH(l)+C2H5OH(l)⇌CH3COOC2H5(l)+H2O(l)\mathrm{CH_3COOH(l) + C_2H_5OH(l) \rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5(l) + H_2O(l)}. At equilibrium the mixture contains 0.667 mol of ethyl ethanoate.
(a)
Deduce the equilibrium amounts of ethanoic acid, ethanol and water.
[1 mark]
(b)
Calculate the value of KcK_c.
[2 marks]
(c)
Explain why the student does not need the total volume of the mixture, and why KcK_c has no units here.
[2 marks]

3 marksUnfamiliar context3.1.6.2

Hydrogen and iodine react in a sealed flask: H2(g)+I2(g)⇌2HI(g)\mathrm{H_2(g) + I_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2HI(g)}. At the temperature used, Kc=49.0K_c = 49.0. The flask initially contains 1.00 mol of H2\mathrm{H_2} and 1.00 mol of I2\mathrm{I_2}.
Calculate the amount of HI at equilibrium.
[3 marks]

3 marksCore chemistry3.1.6.2

Sulfur trioxide forms in the equilibrium 2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g)\mathrm{2SO_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2SO_3(g)}.
(a)
Write an expression for KcK_c.
[1 mark]
(b)
What are the units of KcK_c for this equilibrium?
[1 mark]
(c)
State the effect on the value of KcK_c of increasing the pressure at constant temperature.
[1 mark]

4 marksUnfamiliar context3.1.6.2

Iron(III) ions and thiocyanate ions form a deep red complex: Fe3+(aq)+SCN−(aq)⇌FeSCN2+(aq)\mathrm{Fe^{3+}(aq) + SCN^-(aq) \rightleftharpoons FeSCN^{2+}(aq)}. A student mixes 10.0 cm3\mathrm{cm^3} of 0.0020 mol dm−3\mathrm{mol\,dm^{-3}} Fe3+\mathrm{Fe^{3+}} with 10.0 cm3\mathrm{cm^3} of 0.0020 mol dm−3\mathrm{mol\,dm^{-3}} SCN−\mathrm{SCN^-}. A colorimeter shows that at equilibrium [FeSCN2+]=3.0×10−4 mol dm−3[\mathrm{FeSCN^{2+}}] = 3.0 \times 10^{-4}\ \mathrm{mol\,dm^{-3}}.
(a)
Calculate the concentration of Fe3+\mathrm{Fe^{3+}} immediately after mixing, before any reaction.
[1 mark]
(b)
Calculate KcK_c and give its units.
[3 marks]

Independent practice for AQA A-level Chemistry (7405), not endorsed by AQA.

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