The C–Cl bond in 2-chloro-2-methylpropane can break so that chlorine keeps both bonding electrons.
(a)
Draw the curly arrow for this bond breaking on the structure.
[1 mark]
(b)
Name this type of bond breaking.
[1 mark]
(c)
Explain why chlorine, rather than carbon, keeps the bonding pair.
[1 mark]
2 marksCore chemistry3.3.1.2
Curly arrows are used to show how reactions happen.
(a)
Which is not a correct place for a curly arrow to start?
[1 mark]
(b)
State what a curly arrow represents.
[1 mark]
3 marksUnfamiliar context3.3.1.2
Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form ammonium chloride. The reaction can be drawn with curly arrows, like an organic mechanism.
(a)
Draw the two curly arrows for the transfer of the proton from HCl to ammonia.
[2 marks]
(b)
Give the formula of the positive ion formed.
[1 mark]
3 marksUnfamiliar context3.3.1.2, 3.3.5.1
In one step of a reaction, a water molecule bonds to the propan-2-yl carbocation, (CH3)2CH+.
(a)
Draw the curly arrow for this step.
[1 mark]
(b)
State the charge on the oxygen atom in the product of this step.
[1 mark]
(c)
Explain why the arrow cannot start at the carbocation.
[1 mark]
3 marksCore chemistry3.3.1.2, 3.3.2.4
In ultraviolet light, a chlorine molecule splits into two chlorine atoms.
(a)
Name this type of bond fission.
[1 mark]
(b)
Give the number of electrons each chlorine atom takes from the Cl–Cl bond.
[1 mark]
(c)
State the name for a species with an unpaired electron.
[1 mark]
2 marksUnfamiliar context3.3.1.2, 3.3.4.2
A student draws the first step of the reaction between ethene and hydrogen bromide with one curly arrow that starts on the hydrogen atom of HBr and ends on the C=C bond.
Explain two things that are wrong with the student's arrow.