Topics · Edexcel GCSE Maths (1MA1)

Pythagoras' theorem

Foundation and Higher

Pythagoras finds a missing side of a right-angled triangle. Which side is missing decides whether you add or subtract.

Exam-style questionCalculator allowed3 marks

A ladder 5.2 m long leans against a vertical wall.

The foot of the ladder is on horizontal ground.

The top of the ladder is 4.8 m above the ground.

How far is the foot of the ladder from the wall?

5.2 m4.8 mNot accurately drawn

See why

Where must the foot of the ladder be for the top to reach 4.8 m?

4.8 m3.5 m
Foot to wall: 3.5 mHeight reached: 3.85 m3.5² + 3.85² = 5.2² = 27.04

The top is below 4.8 m. Move the foot closer to the wall.

Now a fresh one

New contextCalculator allowed3 marks

Point A has coordinates (1, 2).

Point B has coordinates (7, 10).

Work out the length of AB.

Learn it properly

Pythagoras in two dimensions

Short hands-on steps, then exam questions on this topic.

Where it comes up in the exam

  • Specification G20: know the formula for Pythagoras' theorem and apply it to find lengths in right-angled triangles.
  • Two-dimensional problems are on both tiers; Higher also uses it in three dimensions.
  • Pythagoras can sit inside longer problems: a perimeter, a distance between coordinates, or a step before trigonometry.

More topics

Independent practice for Pearson Edexcel GCSE Mathematics (1MA1), not endorsed by Pearson.

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