Peace and conflict

Johan Galtung distinguished negative peace from positive peace. What does positive peace add?

Laws and institutions deny a group clean water, schooling and jobs, and its life expectancy is far lower as a result, though no one attacks it. In Galtung's terms, what is this?

School textbooks and popular songs portray a minority as inferior and dangerous, making harm to them seem acceptable. In Galtung's terms, what is this?

Two groups have incompatible aims over the same land, but neither has yet acted on them openly. What kind of conflict is this?

Under international humanitarian law, which people are protected as not taking part in the fighting?